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There are more microphone choices than ever before. There could be a whole book on just microphones and their uses. The following section will feature common mics and touch on a cross section of what is out there. I have incorporated mics that a home recordist could afford as well as a fewer high-end mics that you may encounter in a professional recording studio.  This is only a taste of what is out there. The guide below provides a picture to help identify the mic, a price guide, the microphone's transducer type and pickup pattern, specifically what the mic was designed for, what instrument to try it on, and a frequency response graph. Dynamic Mics AKG D 12 The AKG D 12 is a dynamic microphone with a cardioid polar pattern. This means that it “hears” best what happens in front of it while rejecting sound from the sides or rear. The sound entry of the D 12 is bright nickel plated. The dynamic transducer with its special “Bass Chamber” is handmade. The Bass Chamber boosts th...

Microphones, or mics, are used to capture a sound much like our ears. Microphones are one of an audio engineer's finest tools. If you were an artist, microphones would be analogous to your color palette. Every microphone choice is like a stroke of the brush adding texture, tone, and color. Which microphones you choose can influence whether a recording is bright or dark, edgy or mellow, or muddy or clear. Three steps are involved in recording: capturing the sound, storing the sound, and listening back to the sound. The microphone represents the first step, capturing the sound. Getting to know how a microphone captures a particular instrument or sound takes time and experience. So what differentiates one microphone from another? Besides cost and esthetics, there are many other factors. Microphone Basics Microphones, or mics, are used to capture a sound much like our ears. Microphones are one of an audio engineer's finest tools. If you were an artist, microphones would b...

Like a microphone, the ear is a transducer. Our ears convert acoustic sound vibrations into mechanical energy which is then sent to our brains as electrical impulses. The human ear is made up of the outer, middle, and inner ear. The bones in our middle ear help amplify sound, while the inner ear's muscles help protect it from loud or sudden volume changes. In the previous chapter, frequency was divided into three areas: the bass, or lows, from 20 to 200 Hz; midrange frequencies from about 200 Hz to 5 kHz; and treble, or highs, from 5 to 20 kHz. Most humans hear best in the following order: midrange, highs, and then lows. However, as volume increases, the different frequency ranges are heard more equally. According to the Fletcher–Munson curve, most humans will hear all frequency ranges equally between 80 and 85 dB. It is important to understand what frequencies will be heard at any given volume. When you are in the studio monitor mixes at both lower and higher volumes to ...

Sound is a vibration or a series of vibrations that move through the air. Anything that creates the vibrations, or waves, is referred to as the source. The source can be a string, a bell, a voice, or anything that generates a vibration within our hearing range. Imagine dropping a stone in water. The stone (source) will create a series of ripples in the water. The ripples (waves) are created by areas of dense molecules that are being pushed together as sparse molecules expand, thus creating flatter areas. Sound travels just like this, by compression and rarefaction. Compression is the area where dense molecules are pushed together and rarefaction is the area where fewer molecules are pulled apart, or expanded, in the wave. The compression area is higher in pressure and the rarefaction area is lower in pressure. Seven Characteristics of Sound You may already know about amplitude and frequency. If you have ever adjusted the tone on your amp or stereo, then you have turned up or...